Template:Convert/doc

Template convert calculates a measurement value (number &times; unit) into the same measurement by a different unit, and then presents the results, formatted. The complete list of unit symbols recognized by the template is here.

For example:
 * → 2 km (km entered, converted into miles)
 * → 7 mi (mi entered, converted into km)

Numbers can be rounded, units can be abbreviated into symbols:
 * → 2 km
 * → 7 mi

Value ranges can be entered using  or  :
 * → 2 to 5 km
 * → 2 - 5 km

Combined effect example:
 * → 2 - 5 km
 * → 2 and 5 km

Units to convert
Enter units to convert from into:
 * → 1 lb
 * SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10−3), and "M" for mega (106)
 * For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha (see § 'per' units: kg/ha and § Currency per unit: $/km)
 * For three-unit units, etc., see

Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): 1 pound or 1 lb?
By default, the first quantity shows the unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation):
 * → 1 lb

Using in shows the symbol for first (left-hand side) unit, and the name instead of the symbol for the second unit:
 * → 1 lb

To abbreviate both or neither:
 * → 1 lb
 * → 1 lb

Convenience: has on by default
Template cvt is the same as, except that it has on as the default behavior. In, all other options are available. So:
 * → 1 lb

is equivalent to:
 * → 1 lb

Adjective: a 10-mile distance
Use on to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form: Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → A 10 mi distance.
 * → 10 mi to go.

on does not produce hyphens with unit symbols, as per Manual of Style:
 * → A 9 in nail.

Rounding: 100 ft is 30 m or 30.5 m or 30.48 m?
By definition, 100 ft equals 100 ft. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities.

Default rounding
By default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is rounding temperatures (see below).

Convert supports four types of rounding:

Round to a given precision: use a precision number
Specify the desired precision with an integer as the fourth unnamed parameter (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of $1/undefined$ to the power of this integer. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the rounding parameter is "−2", 8600 will be displayed. If the result is "123.456" and the parameter is "0", 123 will be displayed. Essentially a positive or zero rounding parameter specifies the number of decimal places; a negative value specifies the number of trailing zeroes.

Round to a given number of significant figures: sigfig
To specify the output number to be with n significant figures use &lt;number>: Default behavior, for comparison: Setting sigfig to a value less than 1 is meaningless:
 * → 1200 ft
 * → 1200 ft
 * → 1200 ft
 * → 1200 ft
 * → 1200 ft
 * → 1200 ft ❌

Round to a multiple of 5: 15, 20, 25, ...
Using 5 rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5.
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m

Similar: using 25 rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m

In a range, one can round each value individually to the default. Use each:
 * → 10 x 200 x 3000 m
 * → 10 x 200 x 3000 m

Round to a multiple of a given fraction: $2 3/16$ inch
Specify the desired denominator using &lt;some positive integer&gt;. (Denominator is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in $1/3$). The fraction is reduced when possible: Default behavior uses decimal notation:
 * → 5.56 cm
 * → 8 cm
 * → 8 cm
 * → 5.56 cm

Rounding temperatures: °C, °F and K
In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise.



The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is made three (made 180...). (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a 0.1 C-change, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the significant figures yourself with sigfig:

or you set the precision positionally, relative to the decimal point (zero being at the decimal point):

The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is six now, whereas before kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the kelvins conversion generated the fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the kelvins conversion.

Rounding input
There is limited support for rounding the displayed input number. The rounding takes place after conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding.

To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: Note that it is not possible to round above the decimal place (ri-1❌). Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature.
 * ri0
 * ri1
 * ri2
 * ri3

The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied:
 * → 4.14159 mi ❌ (precisions are mismatched)
 * → 4.14159 mi ✅

In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained:
 * → undefined mi ❌ (rounds intermediate calculation, giving a different result)

Into multiple units: 10 C
Separate the multiple output units by a space: If the output unit names contain spaces, use  as the separator.
 * → 10 C
 * → 5 km

See also:
 * For multiple-unit options like 1 ft 5 in, see and.

Ranges of values
A range converts two values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation.

A range: 6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)
Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:

Multiple dimensions: 6 x
Use :
 * → 6 by

Use, multiplication sign, or  , letter:
 * → 6 x

In science, the formal way is to set  and on (keeping dimensions right, like in area = x km2):
 * → 6 x

Lists of values: 20, 40, or 60 miles

 * &rarr; 20 ,

About feet, inch in ranges and multiples
While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: Default behavior, for comparison: However, converting metric units into feet and inches with flip can produce the desired output:
 * → 1 ft ❌
 * → 1 ft
 * → 380 x

Spelling of unit name: international metre or US meter?
Default spelling of units is in the en (generic) locale. To show en-US spelling, use us:
 * → 1 m—default
 * → 1 m

Spell out numbers: ten miles
To write a number in words, use in:
 * → 10 mi

To spell out both in and out values, use on:
 * → 10 mi

To make first letter a capital, use In, On
 * → 10 mi
 * → 10 mi

Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by abbr. To the extreme:
 * → 10 mi

Inserted before units: 4 planted acres
is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value:
 * → 4 acre
 * → 4 acre
 * → 4 acre

After adjective unit: A 10 ft corridor
Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message.
 * → 10 ft

Plurals: 1 inch, 2 inches
The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural.
 * → 1 metre
 * → 2 metre
 * → 2 metre

Entering the unit "foot" instead of "ft" forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is.
 * Exception:
 * → 100 foot

Fractions: one-eighth of an imperial pint
The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template.
 * → 3+1/2 oz
 * → 1/8 imppt

Wrapping and line breaking

 * See

Spelling out "thousands", "millions", etc.
Most unit codes accept a prefix of e3 (thousand) or e6 (million) or e9 (billion).
 * → 100 e6mi
 * → 120 e6acre
 * → 120 e6acre

To display both input and output in scientific notation, use on
 * → 100 e6mi

To spell out "thousands", "millions", etc., unit abbreviates the unit; off displays both full unit names.
 * → 100 e6mi
 * → 100 e6mi

Using an SI prefix: gigametre (Gm), or micrometre (&#x03BC;m)
Units can have an SI prefix like  before the unit: , and   before the name:. These are plain multiplication factors.

To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from metre to metre), showing the multiplication factor:
 * 12 Gm
 * 12 μm

The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit  for metre):
 * → 12 Gm
 * : 12 Mm
 * : 12 km
 * : 12 mm
 * : 12 μm
 * : 12 um (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here)

The prefix can be used in the output unit:
 * → 12000 mi
 * → 12 in

As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too:
 * → 12 μm

In the unit: e6m
Engineering notation can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit:
 * → 70 e6m

The same is possible for the output unit:
 * → 23,000,000 ft

Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix:
 * (thousand),
 * (million),
 * (billion),
 * (trillion),
 * (quadrillion).

Scientific notation: 1.23 × 10−14
In scientific notation, a number is written like $0$. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point.

With, the input can be in e-notation such as. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number.
 * → 12.3e-15 atm
 * → 0.00000005 atm

Input with fractions: 1+1/2 in
The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both  (keyboard slash) and   (fraction slash) are accepted:
 * → 1/2 in
 * → 1⁄2 in

With positive mixed numbers (a positive integer and a fraction), use a  sign
 * → 2+1⁄2 in

With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen  and repeat it:
 * → -2-1⁄2 in

Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers:
 * → 2-1⁄2 in. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch.
 * → -2+1⁄2 in ❌ This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here.
 * → 2+½ in ❌ Fractions consisting of a single Unicode character are not allowed either.

Horizontal fraction bar: $1⁄2$ inch
Using a double slash provides a horizontal fraction bar for the original (input) unit: Using a negative value for frac provides a horizontal fraction bar for the converted (output) unit:
 * → 1//2 in
 * → 6+3//8 in
 * → 12.7 mm
 * → 161.9 mm

Thousands separator: 1,000 mi or 1000 mi
In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma:
 * → 1234567 m
 * → 1,234,567 m

Set off to remove the separator from the output:
 * → 1234567 m

Use gaps to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 1234567 m
 * → 1234567 m

Setting 5 will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 1234 m
 * → 1234567 m
 * → 1234 m

Brackets and separators: 10 m [33 ft]
Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by disp. Options are:  (the default),  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  : Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m
 * → 10 m

Setting br will force a new line
 * → 10 m

Also br will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables):
 * → 10 m

Setting x allows any text as separator:
 * → 10 m (To display spaces, use )

Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: 1 mi
Setting flip will flip (swap) the two measurements: Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 1 mi
 * → 1 mi

When converting to multiple units, the effect is:
 * → 10 km
 * → 10 km

Fixed ordering of output units: 100 C
Setting out shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped:
 * &rarr; 100 C
 * → 200 PS

See also: § Displaying parts of the output.

Displaying parts of the result: 2 cuyd
It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result:

The following examples show how to display only a part of the result.


 * Note: in Convert, abbr is synonym for unit symbol

Display both input name and symbol: 2 kilopascals [kPa]
Setting ~ returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit:
 * → 2 kPa
 * → A 2 kPa pressure

Table options
For the wikitable structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable.

Enforced line break
br adds a line-break and omits brackets.

br adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables:

Table columns
Using {convert} in a table cell, with table splits the result over two (or more) columns. By default units are not included in the table, however, they can be added using the abbr parameter. Multiple-unit outputs, like, always output their units to the table.



tablecen does the same, and also centers the text:

The units are added as a column header:
 * {| class=wikitable

! style="width:10em;" | ! style="width:10em;" | kilograms ! style="width:10em;" | pounds ! style="width:10em;" | stone and pounds
 * table
 * 10 kg
 * table and on
 * 20 kg
 * table and off
 * 30 kg
 * tablecen
 * 40 kg
 * &lt;other> (default)
 * 50 kg
 * }
 * 40 kg
 * &lt;other> (default)
 * 50 kg
 * }
 * }
 * }

Sorting
Use on to include a hidden numerical sortkey in the output, suitable for use in a table with sortable columns. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values:
 * showing: 10 m.
 * showing: 10 m.

Use both table and on together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns:


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! ! m ! m ! ft
 * A
 * 15+3/4 m
 * B
 * 15.5 m
 * C
 * 16.0 m
 * D
 * 16 m
 * }
 * C
 * 16.0 m
 * D
 * 16 m
 * }
 * 16 m
 * }
 * }

The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey.

Units
The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced here.

'per' units: kg/ha, miles per gallon
When using a slash, a unit like  is recognized as kilograms per hectare and will be converted in to other mass/area units. A unit in the numerator is not required.
 * → 1000 kg/ha
 * → 350 /in2

Population density (inhabitants per square mile) can be converted using
 * → 10 PD/sqmi

Vehicular fuel efficiency, commonly expressed in miles per gallon or litres per 100 km can also be converted
 * → 26 mpgUS

Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature
We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples:
 * (standard temperature conversion)
 * (standard temperature range conversion)

When expressing a temperature change (e.g., "The temperature increased by 10 °C"), or when comparing temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15 °C warmer"), we cannot use the standard temperature units (C, F and K), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": C-change, F-change and K-change.

Compare the following two examples with the two above:


 * increase in temperature
 * warmer than normal

To produce multiple units in the output:
 * difference

In input
Base document lists options for multiple unit input (like  ). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft):
 * → 1 yd
 * → 2 ft
 * → 1 lb

In output
Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like  and. The full list is at. Default behavior, for comparison:
 * → 2 m
 * → 2 m, using a space, returns the decimal point
 * → 2 m

See also:
 * hands a length used to measure horses
 * Long ton a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb

Currency per unit: $/mi &rarr; $/km
Using currency symbols in a $ per unit value, you can convert the per-unit:
 * → 10 $/mi
 * → 1500 $/ozt

You can set the currency in both values using €:
 * → 10 $/mi

It is not possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is not possible: $15 per mile (€8.6/km) ❌

Using convert inside templates
For usage in template code, like infoboxes, has these options:
 * Pre-formatting fraction input
 * Module:Convert/helper can read regular input and pre-format it into -accepted input.
 * Your template can accept 16 7/8 and use &rarr;

Note: to return that property value for an other article, use qid.
 * Using a Wikidata property
 * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code P2073, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read.

Example for of :
 * &rarr; ftin undefined
 * &rarr; km undefined
 * &rarr; km undefined
 * For example see template:Infobox Telescope.

Sometimes a property may have more than one value against it in Wikidata. You can use the qual parameter to specify which of the values you want to use.

Example for : Note: this example uses Q1513315 (testing for )
 * :  → ft undefined
 * :  → ft undefined

TemplateData
{	"description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": {			"label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true },		"2": {			"label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2", "m2", "cm2", "mm2", "ha", "sqmi", "acre", "sqyd", "sqft", "sqin", "km", "m", "cm", "mm", "mi", "yd", "ft", "in", "kg", "g", "mg", "lb", "oz", "m/s", "km/h", "mph", "K", "C", "F", "m3", "cm3", "mm3", "L", "mL", "cuft", "cuin", "U.S.gal", "U.S.oz", "psi", "mpgU.S.", "$/lb", "$/kg" ]		},		"3": {			"label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2", "m2", "cm2", "mm2", "ha", "sqmi", "acre", "sqyd", "sqft", "sqin", "km", "m", "cm", "mm", "mi", "yd", "ft", "in", "kg", "g", "mg", "lb", "oz", "m/s", "km/h", "mph", "K", "C", "F", "m3", "cm3", "mm3", "L", "mL", "cuft", "cuin", "U.S.gal", "U.S.oz", "psi", "mpgU.S.", "$/lb", "$/kg" ]		},		"4": {			"label": "Precision or suffix", "description": "Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" },		"lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units. For more fine-grained control over which units to link, use the template multiple times.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": [ "in", "out", "on", "off" ]		},		"abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "in", "off", "none", "on", "out", "unit", "values", "~"			]		},		"sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" },		"adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": [ "mid", "on", "pre", "ri0", "ri1", "ri2", "ri3", "off" ]		},		"disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": [ "b", "sqbr", "br", "comma", "or", "number", "output number only", "out", "output only", "preunit", "table", "tablecen", "unit", "unit2", "x" ]		},		"order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": [ "flip", "out" ]		},		"sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" },		"round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" },		"comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" },		"sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" },		"spell": { "label": "Spell numbers?", "description": "If used, spells input or input and output numbers in words, optionally capitalizing the first", "example": "'in', 'In', 'on', or 'On'", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "in", "In", "on", "On" ]		},		"sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "use adj=", "label": "Singular?", "description": "If 'yes', uses singular form of units (deprecated)", "example": "yes" },		"frac": { "label": "Fraction?", "description": "fraction as rounding unit", "type": "number" },		"$": {			"label": "Currency symbol", "description": "sets currency symbol in both units", "example": "$=€ will show \" €10 per mile (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" },		"input": { "label": "WD property", "description": "Reads the property value of the item (article), then converts it", "example": "undefined undefined (P2046=area)", "type": "string" },		"altitude_ft": { "label": "Mach altitude (ft)", "description": "Mach (speed) depends on altitide", "type": "number", "suggestedvalues": [ "10000"			]		},		"altitude_m": { "label": "Mach altitude (m)", "description": "Mach (speed) depends on altitude", "type": "number" }	},	"format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1",		"2",		"3",		"4",		"lk", "abbr", "sp", "adj", "disp", "order", "sigfig", "round", "comma", "sortable", "spell", "sing", "frac", "$",		"altitude_ft", "altitude_m", "input" ] }